P1509 on a GM vehicle means the powertrain control module (PCM) commanded the idle air control (IAC) valve to manage idle speed, but the engine speed stayed higher than the expected target for the commanded pintle position. The PCM compares actual RPM from the crankshaft position sensor against the idle speed it expects for the current coolant temperature and load, and it sets this code when the engine runs too fast at idle despite the IAC valve being driven toward a closed position.
Guidance is general and written for GM vehicles. Exact tests and values vary by model, so confirm the fault before replacing parts.
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