AUTO Veteran

The Motorist's Pride

500+
DIY Guides
75K
Community Members
1.2M+
Monthly Views

Interactive Diagrams

More Diagrams
Italian Automotive Brands Founding Years

Italian Automotive Brands Founding Years

A timeline of legendary Italian automotive manufacturers including Ferrari founded in 1947 by Enzo Ferrari, Lamborghini in 1963 by Ferruccio Lamborghini, Maserati in 1914 by Alfieri Maserati, FIAT in 1899 by Giovanni Agnelli, Alfa Romeo in 1910 by Darracq and Ugo Stella, Pagani in 1992 by Horacio Pagani, Lancia in 1906 by Vincenzo Lancia, Abarth in 1949 by Carlo Abarth, Ducati in 1926, Iveco formed in 1975 from Fiat Industrial merger, and more. A snapshot of Italy's rich automotive heritage showing founders and establishment years for each iconic brand.

DIY Tutorials

All Tutorials
Car Maintenance Tips

Why Disconnecting Your Car Battery for Storage is…

Disconnecting your car battery for storage can have benefits and risks. It can prevent battery drai…

9 months, 3 weeks ago
3 Mins read
Trends

Why Spare Parts Shops Are One of the Most Profita…

The automotive aftermarket is a $400 billion global industry, and a significant portion of that flo…

1 month ago
6 Mins read
Car Maintenance Tips

When to Replace the Brakes: A Comprehensive Guide…

If you hear grinding or squeaking sounds when you apply the brakes, if your car pulls to one side w…

9 months, 3 weeks ago
4 Mins read
Troubleshooting

You Might Stall On The Highway If You Keep Ignori…

A loose heat shield is one of the most common noises on the road, and it's also one of the most ign…

1 month ago
6 Mins read
Troubleshooting

Is Your Car Clicking Instead of Cranking? It Migh…

The starter solenoid is a small but crucial component that bridges the gap between your battery and…

9 months, 3 weeks ago
5 Mins read
Troubleshooting

Engine Oil Leak Areas: Identifying Elusive Culpri…

Engine oil leaks can be elusive and frustrating to identify. Common areas include valve cover gaske…

9 months, 3 weeks ago
5 Mins read
Diagnostic Trouble …

C0045 and C0046: Left Rear Wheel Speed Circuit Ma…

C0045 and C0046 are diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) that indicate a problem with the left rear whee…

9 months, 3 weeks ago
3 Mins read
Explainer

Turbochargers and Superchargers: Boosting Perform…

In the realm of automotive performance, turbochargers and superchargers stand as formidable players…

9 months, 3 weeks ago
4 Mins read

Forum Q&A

All Questions

Seeing a barometric pressure reading of 199 kPa on a 2011 Jaguar at ignition-on is a red flag, this value is physically impossible under normal atmospheric conditions.

Ramphele DL
Replies (2)

Ramphele DL : At sea level, you’re looking at roughly 100 to 102 kPa, and even at the bottom of the Dead Sea (the lowest point on Earth), it doesn’t exceed 108 kPa. So, 199 kPa suggests either a serious sensor input error or a corruption in the ECU’s interpretation of the signal. On Jags of this era, the ECU performs a barometric pressure snap shot during key on before engine start, using the MAP sensor as the measuring device since there’s no separate BARO sensor. If the intake manifold or MAP port is contaminated, restricted, or sees abnormal pressure (like a stuck open EGR or boost control issue), it can skew this reading.

Ramphele DL : But more commonly, it’s a circuit issue check the 5V reference line to the MAP sensor for voltage spikes or resistance. I’ve seen cases where a failing alternator or poor grounding introduced enough electrical noise to make the ECU think it was under 2x atmospheric pressure. Verify the actual supply voltage at the sensor with the connector plugged in (back-probing), and ensure the ground is solid less than 0.2 ohms to battery negative.

At sea level, you’re looking at roughly 100 to 102 kPa, and even at the bottom of the Dead Sea (the lowest point on Earth), it doesn’t exceed 108 kPa. So, 199 kPa suggests either a serious sensor input error or a corruption in the ECU’s interpretation of the signal. On Jags of this era, the ECU performs a barometric pressure snap shot during key on before engine start, using the MAP sensor as the measuring device since there’s no separate BARO sensor. If the intake manifold or MAP port is contaminated, restricted, or sees abnormal pressure (like a stuck open EGR or boost control issue), it can skew this reading.

Ramphele DL

Yes, a faulty O2 sensor can cause this issue. It helps regulate the air-fuel mixture. If it's not working properly in cold conditions, the engine may run too rich or lean, resulting in rough idling and vibrations.

Jimna Mustafa
Replies (3)

Alvin Knex : If it’s the O2 sensor, why would it only happen when the engine is cold? Wouldn’t it affect performance all the time?

Jimna Mustafa : Good observation! Many O2 sensors only become active once the engine reaches operating temperature. When cold, the engine runs in 'open, loop' mode and ignores the O2 sensor, relying on preset fuel maps. If the sensor is failing, it might only cause issues once it starts influencing the fuel mixture, or if it sends incorrect signals during warm-up.

Alvin Knex : Turns out the upstream O2 sensor was failing. Swapped it out, and the violent shaking is gone. Thanks for pointing me in the right direction!

If it’s the O2 sensor, why would it only happen when the engine is cold? Wouldn’t it affect performance all the time?

Alvin Knex