P1291 on a GM vehicle means the engine control module (ECM) commanded the fuel heater circuit on and did not see the expected temperature rise from the fuel temperature sensor within a calibrated time. The ECM uses this heater to warm the fuel in cold conditions, and when the sensor's reading stays flat the module flags the circuit as ineffective.
Guidance is general and written for GM vehicles. Exact tests and values vary by model, so confirm the fault before replacing parts.
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