DTC codes / P06xx · Computer and output circuits / P0601
P0601 means the engine control module (ECM) or powertrain control module (PCM) has detected a checksum error in its own internal memory, indicating that the data stored in its non-volatile memory has become corrupted. The computer runs a self-test on its memory at key-on and during operation, and when the calculated checksum does not match the expected value, it sets this code and may illuminate the check engine light.
Guidance is general and written for all OBD-II vehicles. Exact tests and values vary by model, so confirm the fault before replacing parts.
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