P1031 on a GM vehicle means the powertrain control module has detected an abnormal condition in the heater circuit for a heated oxygen sensor, typically an open, short, or excessive current draw on the heater element or its wiring. The computer monitors the heater control circuit and flags this code when the voltage or current feedback does not match what it expects during the heater warm-up phase.
Guidance is general and written for GM vehicles. Exact tests and values vary by model, so confirm the fault before replacing parts.
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