P1156 on a BMW means the engine control module has detected that the heater circuit inside the post-catalyst oxygen sensor on bank 2 (the side of the engine that does not contain cylinder 1) is drawing too little voltage, which usually indicates an open circuit, a failed heater element, or a wiring fault. The sensor's heater is responsible for bringing the sensor up to operating temperature quickly so the engine computer can trust its signal for catalyst monitoring and fuel trim corrections.
Guidance is general and written for BMW vehicles. Exact tests and values vary by model, so confirm the fault before replacing parts.
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